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- BOOT Administrative Commands BOOT
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- NNAAMMEE
- boot - Description of Sprite boot options and behavior
-
- OOPPTTIIOONNSS
- There are a number of boot options that can be used to
- change the boot behavior. If you are unfamiliar with the
- booting process you should read the subsequent sections
- before this one.
-
- --cc Causes a fileserver to ignore the existence
- of /bootTmp/boot and to boot as a dependent
- fileserver. This is useful for booting
- fileservers with trashed disks.
-
- --ff Causes a fileserver to boot without checking
- its disks. This can lead to corrupted disks
- if the disks are not consistent before they
- are attached. The --ff option should not be
- used if the system halted abnormally.
-
- --ss The --ss option causes the machine to boot in
- single-user mode. A login shell is run by
- initsprite before both diskcmds and bootcmds.
- Initsprite will continue when the login shell
- exits.
-
- --xx If the machine is a fileserver it will run
- /boot/rootcmds after running /boot/diskcmds.
- This option allows a non-root fileserver to
- serve as root. Only the root fileserver has
- the correct mount table for exporting "/" --
- the rootcmds file contains the necessary com-
- mands for allowing a non-root fileserver to
- export "/".
-
- _________________________________________________________________
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- DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN
- The first couple sections of this man page are a user's
- guide to booting Sprite. Note that these are general
- instructions; each file server should have its specific
- booting instructions posted near its console.
-
- The rest of the man page goes into more detail about the
- boot process and is probably of interest only to people who
- hack Sprite.
-
- BBOOOOTTIINNGG SSUUNNSS
- For all Suns except SPARCstation 2's the boot command typed
- at the PROM has the format
-
- bb _x_x((_a,_b,_c))_k_e_r_n_e_l [_o_p_t_i_o_n_s]
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- For machines that are booted off of the network _x_x is usu-
- ally iiee or llee, depending on whether the machine has an Intel
- or Lance ethernet chip. For machines that boot off their
- disk, _x_x is usually ssdd. For SPARCstation 2's the boot com-
- mand is
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- bb [_d_e_v_i_c_e] _k_e_r_n_e_l [_o_p_t_i_o_n_s]
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- where _d_e_v_i_c_e is usually nneett or ddiisskk. (For SPARCstation 2's
- running Sprite at Berkeley, _d_e_v_i_c_e normally defaults to
- nneett.)
-
- The magic numbers _a, _b, _c in parentheses are usually
- optional. They specify information about the host that sup-
- plies the kernel (for booting off the net), disk partition,
- etc. For network booting, the middle number is the last
- four digits of the IP address of the server. You only need
- to specify this number if the default doesn't work. For
- example, to ensure that Murder boots off of Allspice (IP
- address 128.32.150.27), use
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- bb llee((00,,996611bb))ssuunn33..mmdd//sspprriittee
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- and to boot off of Ginger (IP address 128.32.150.28), use
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- bb llee((00,,996611cc))ssuunn33..mmdd//sspprriittee
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- The string _k_e_r_n_e_l tells which kernel to load and boot. When
- booting off a disk, _k_e_r_n_e_l is usually just the name of the
- kernel, e.g., ``new'' or ``sprite''. When booting off the
- net, you must also specify the machine-dependent directory
- that the kernel is found in, e.g., ``sun3.md/new''. Use
- ssuunn33..mmdd for Sun 3's, ssuunn44..mmdd for Sun 4's, and ssuunn44cc..mmdd for
- SPARCstation 1's and 2's.
-
- BBOOOOTTIINNGG DDSS33110000''ss
- The basic boot command for a DECstation 3100 is
-
- bboooott --ff _p_r_o_t_o(())_k_e_r_n_e_l [_o_p_t_i_o_n_s]
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- where _p_r_o_t_o is either ttffttpp or mmoopp. Generally mmoopp is pre-
- ferred, since it is faster and more reliable. Unfor-
- tunately, it provides no feedback until the kernel starts
- running, so you have to put up with a 10-30 second pause
- before there's any sign of life.
-
- The _k_e_r_n_e_l string depends on whether the DECstation knows
- what server to use. The simplest rule is to always type
- iinniitt to the PROM before booting, and use only the kernel
- name (e.g., ``sprite'' or ``new'') for _k_e_r_n_e_l.
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- BBOOOOTTIINNGG DDSS55000000''ss
- The boot command for a DECstation 5000 looks like
-
- bboooott _s_l_o_t//_x_x_x//_k_e_r_n_e_l [_o_p_t_i_o_n_s]
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- The _s_l_o_t string is the slot number for the device being
- booted from. You can use the PROM's ccnnffgg command to get a
- list of what devices are installed at what slots. Sprite
- DECstations typically have two ethernets installed; you
- should boot from the lower-numbered ethernet.
-
- The _x_x_x string is the protocol type when booting from the
- net. Use mmoopp. It is the disk name (e.g., ``rz0'') when
- booting from the disk.
-
- The _k_e_r_n_e_l string is just the name of the kernel (e.g.,
- ``new'').
-
- WWHHEERREE KKEERRNNEELLSS LLIIVVEE
- Machines that boot off of their own disk typically have a
- small boot partition, such as /allspiceA or /lustA. In this
- case the kernel nneeww would be installed as /allspiceA/new.
-
- Kernels that are downloaded from a Sprite server are
- installed in /sprite/boot (e.g., /sprite/boot/sun3.md/new).
-
- As a last resort kernels can also be downloaded from Ginger.
- Those kernels are installed in /tftpboot (e.g.,
- /tftpboot/sun3.md/new). Suns that boot off of Ginger must
- have a link in /tftpboot to their boot program. See the
- documentation for bboooott(8S) on Ginger.
-
- BBOOOOTT SSEEQQUUEENNCCEE
- WWAARRNNIINNGG:: This section is rather dated and is probably inac-
- curate in spots.
-
- This section outlines the sequence of events that occur dur-
- ing the boot process. The command typed at the prom is used
- to start the downloader, then download the kernel from the
- server and start execution. The early part of the boot is
- the same on all machines. Kernel data structures are set up
- and kernel processes started. Late in the boot the machine
- checks for the presence of a disk, and it starts the first
- user process _i_n_i_t_s_p_r_i_t_e. The actions initsprite takes vary
- depending on the configuration of the machine. There are
- three standard machine configurations. _C_l_i_e_n_t_s are diskless
- workstations. They are dependent on the root fileserver to
- complete the boot process. Machines with disks must check
- them during boot for inconsistencies. Checking the disks
- requires the _f_s_c_h_e_c_k and _f_s_a_t_t_a_c_h programs, and related data
- files. _S_t_a_n_d_a_l_o_n_e _f_i_l_e_s_e_r_v_e_r_s have these utilities on their
- own disk, and are therefore able to check their disks
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- without the root fileserver. _D_e_p_e_n_d_e_n_t _f_i_l_e_s_e_r_v_e_r_s have a
- disk, but it does not contain the needed files. Dependent
- fileservers must get these files from the root file server.
-
- Clients
- /boot/initsprite is exec'ed as the first user process.
- If "/" is unavailable the workstation will wait inde-
- finitely, checking for "/" at 1 minute intervals.
- Initsprite will run /hosts/_h_o_s_t_n_a_m_e/bootcmds if it
- exists and /boot/bootcmds otherwise.
-
- Dependent fileservers
- Fileservers will detect the presence of a disk and
- attach it as "/bootTmp". This prefix is local to the
- machine and is not exported. If the directory
- /bootTmp/boot is not found, then the fileserver assumes
- it is a dependent fileserver. /boot/initsprite is
- exec'ed as the first user process. Initsprite will run
- /boot/diskcmds to verify that the disks are not cor-
- rupted. The table used to mount the disks is found in
- /hosts/$HOST/mount. Upon completion the machine will
- try to find a server of "/". If no server for "/" is
- found the workstation will retry at 1 minute intervals.
- Once a server is found, /hosts/_h_o_s_t_n_a_m_e/bootcmds or
- /boot/bootcmds is run. Initsprite will delete the
- "/bootTmp" prefix prior to exiting.
-
- Standalone fileservers
- A standalone fileserver will attach its disk as
- /bootTmp and then check for /bootTmp/boot. Having
- found this directory it will create a new prefix "/"
- using the /bootTmp prefix. These prefixes are now
- synonyms and are local to the machine. The standalone
- fileserver can then proceed with the boot in the same
- manner as a dependent fileserver. /boot/diskcmds is
- run. Unlike a dependent fileserver, /boot/diskcmds is
- on the machine's own disk. The mount table is found in
- /hosts/$HOST/mount, also on the machine's own disk. At
- some point in the boot the machine has to stop being
- its own server of "/" and look for the real server.
- This happens after diskcmds has been run. The machine
- will delete the "/" prefix and try to open "/". If the
- open fails the machine will try again at 1 minute
- intervals. Once "/" is found the appropriate bootcmds
- is run. Initsprite will delete the "/bootTmp" prefix
- prior to exiting.
-
- FFIILLEESS
- /boot
- /boot is a directory that contains all of the files and
- utilities needed to boot a Sprite machine. Standalone
- fileservers each have a /boot directory on their local
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- disk and will use it during the boot process.
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- /boot/cmds
- Contains utility programs needed during boot.
-
- /boot/diskcmds
- Run by fileservers to check their disks. Note that
- dependent fileservers run the diskcmds found on the
- root fileserver.
-
- /hosts/_h_o_s_t_n_a_m_e/mount
- The mount table read by fileserver _h_o_s_t_n_a_m_e. Stan-
- dalone fileservers should have a copy of their mount
- table in /hosts/_h_o_s_t_n_a_m_e/mount on both the local disk
- and the root fileserver.
-
- /boot/serverInfo
- Provides machine name and type information to stan-
- dalone fileservers. Standalone fileservers cannot
- depend upon the root fileserver being able to provide
- /etc/spritehosts (the usual place this information is
- found) so they need their own file. The file should
- consist of the appropriate line from /etc/spritehosts.
-
- /boot/bootcmds
- This file is unique to the whole system. Standalone
- fileservers DO NOT look in their local /boot for this
- file. bootcmds contains commands for starting various
- user-level servers and other system configuration com-
- mands.
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- /hosts/_h_o_s_t_n_a_m_e/bootcmds
- If this file exists it is run instead of
- /boot/bootcmds.
-
- /boot/rootcmds
- This file contains the commands necessary for a backup
- root server to actually export root. In the normal
- case the file will contain the single line "prefix -x /
- -l /bootTmp".
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- KKEEYYWWOORRDDSS
- boot, bootcmds, diskcmds, rootcmds
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